Computer Network

Wikipedia defines a computer network as a group of interconnected computers. Networks can be classified according to connection method (the hardware technology used to connect the individual devices in the network—i.e., optical fiber, Ethernet, etc.), functional relationship (functional relationships existing between network architectures—e.g., peer-to-peer, client-server and active networking), and network topology (bus network, ring network, mesh network, etc.).

The basic components of a network are cables, connectors, hub(s), individual computers, protocol, network interface cards, network software and server.

There are different types of computer networks, these include personal area networks, local area networks, wide-area networks, campus area networks, metropolitan area networks and global area networks.

A personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of computer devices within the range of an individual person. These devices include printers, PDAs and scanners among others.

A local area network (LAN) is a network that covers a relatively small space and provides services to a small number of people. Today, most LANs are based on Ethernet technology.

A wide area network (WAN) is a data communications network that spans a relatively large geographic area. A WAN typically consists of two or more LANs. Computers connected to this type of network are usually connected through public networks such as the telephone system. The Internet is the largest WAN in existence.

A campus area network (CAN) is a network that connects two or more LANs within a limited geographical space such as a college campus, military base or industrial complex.

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that connects two or more LANs or CANs together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of a town or city. Thus, a MAN covers a larger area than a LAN but only a smaller area covered by a WAN.

A global area network (GAN) is a network that is composed of interconnected computer networks and covers an unlimited geographical area.